If you're considering a career in nursing, you might be wondering, What is an LVN vs. RN? and which path is right for you? Licensed vocational nurses (LVNs) and registered nurses (RNs) both help patients in a range of healthcare settings, but there are some key differences to be aware of before choosing between these two roles.
The term LVN is used in Texas and California, and the role is equivalent to that of a licensed practical nurse in other states. LVNs work on healthcare teams with RNs, CNAs, nurse practitioners, and other providers to deliver basic care and assist in procedures.
However, RN licensure is the more common route — there are nearly five RNs for every LVN/LPN. And while LVNs and RNs often work alongside one another, RNs can work in a broader range of areas and specialties because of their education and scope of practice. Let's explore the nuances of these differences and the requirements to become an LVN vs. RN.
RN vs. LVN Schooling
The educational requirements to become an RN take at least two to four years; becoming an LVN typically takes about 12 to 18 months. Here's a chart comparing the education and licensure requirements for both professionals:
| Item | LVN | RN |
|---|---|---|
| Education requirements | Vocational training, offered by trade schools and technical colleges | Two degree options:Associate Degree in Nursing (2 years), offered by community collegesBachelor of Science in Nursing (4 years), offered by colleges and universities |
| Clinical hour requirements | California:954 hoursTexas:300–500 hours | Board requirements vary, but nursing programs typically require between800–950 hours |
| Average program cost | $5,000 to $30,000 | ADN:$12,000 to $35,000BSN:$40,000 to $200,000or more |
| Licensure exam | National Council Licensure Exam – Practical Nurse (NCLEX-PN) | National Council Licensure Exam – Registered Nurse (NCLEX-RN) |
If your priority is getting to work as a nurse faster and with less expense, the LVN track might be the best option. On the other hand, if you have long-term career goals like becoming a nurse anesthetist (CRNA), nurse educator, or getting into research nursing, it's worth spending the time and money to become an RN.
LVN vs. RN Scope of Practice
What can an RN do that an LVN can't? A nurse's scope of practice defines the tasks and responsibilities they can take on in their role. RNs generally have more autonomy and can perform tasks that are outside of an LVN scope. For specific details on practice scope in your area, see your state nurse practice act. You can also check out our guides on the LPN/LVN scope of practice and RN scope of practice.
View our table below for some examples of how the practice scope of an LVN and RN can differ:
| Item | LVN | RN |
|---|---|---|
| Patient assessment | Collects and records patient data, such as vital signs and observations | Conductscomprehensive assessments, interprets patient data, and formulatesnursing diagnoses |
| Care planning | Contributes to the development and modification ofnursing care plansunder supervision | Independently develops, implements, and evaluates nursing care plans |
| Medication administration | Administers medications, including oral, intramuscular, and subcutaneous routes, under supervision | Administers medications through all routes, including intravenous and central line access, and manages complex medication regimens |
| Supervision and delegation | Works under the direction of RNs or physicians; does not supervise RNs | Supervises LVNs and unlicensed staff;delegates taskswithin the scope of practice |
LVNs focus more specifically on care tasks, such as vital signs, wound care, and assisting with activities of daily living (ADLs). RNs may perform these tasks in addition to planning, assessing patient responses, and coordinating with the broader care team.
LVN vs. RN Salary Averages
Let's get down to brass tacks: What's the difference in expected income between RNs and LVNs? In the U.S., an average RN salary is $98,430 per year. Meanwhile, LPNs/LVNs earn an average of $64,150 annually. That means that, on average, RNs are earning over a third more than LVNs. If income and earning potential are priorities for you, spending the additional time on an RN education might serve you well.
Career Outlook for LVNs and RNs
The licensed practical and vocational nurse role is expected to grow by 3% over the next decade, which is aligned with the average for all roles. In contrast, the Bureau of Labor Statistics expects RN jobs to grow by 5% in the same timeframe.
Practice Settings for LVNs and RNs
LVNs tend to work in settings where patient care is more predictable, while RNs have more opportunities to work in fast-paced and specialized environments.
LVNs typically work in the following care settings:
- Long-term care and nursing homes
- Assisted living facilities
- Home health care
- Outpatient clinics and doctor's offices
- Rehabilitation and skilled nursing facilities
- Some hospitals and intermediate units
RNs work in the above settings, as well as the following:
- Hospital-based specialties (i.e., medical-surgical, emergency, ICU, labor and delivery)
- Surgical centers and hospital ORs
- Public health and community health
- Schools and occupational health programs
- Research and leadership roles
- Nurse education and supervision
Career Mobility for RNs and LVNs
One of the biggest differences between an LVN and an RN is career mobility. LVNs can supervise other LVNs and nursing assistants but don't typically work in leadership roles. To do so, an LVN would need to attend an LVN-to-RN bridge program and pass the NCLEX-RN.
RNs have more opportunities for specialization, leadership, and career advancement. They can pursue a broader range of nursing certifications to earn more authority in their role. RNs can also go back to school to be educators, managers, executives, advanced practice nurses (APRNs), clinical nurse specialists (CNS), and more.
LVN vs. RN: FAQ
Is LVN or RN better?
The answer depends on what you're looking for in a career. These roles have different functions and responsibilities in the context of the medical team. Becoming an RN takes more schooling and the role generally comes with more planning and critical thinking. LVNs also provide essential care and keep patients safe, with a focus on basic nursing tasks.
Is a CNA or LVN better?
These two care professionals have different goals and scopes. A CNA attends a training program with an emphasis on tasks like feeding, bed baths, toileting, and safety. An LVN has more education and can perform these responsibilities as well as basic medication administration, wound care, and patient education. See our guide comparing LPN/LVN vs. CNA roles for more information.
Find Roles for Nursing Professionals
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